Broflanilide is a much more dangerous potion for the wireworm, however. The cone bioassays were performed 1-week post block treatment using the insecticide-susceptible An. For pyrethroid-resistant An. In a normally functioning nervous system, GABA released by one cell activates GABA receptors of another cell, resulting in inhibition. Use Code FBEGRI20 & Get 20% Off On Your First App Order Extra Discount On Online Payment Price Drop Alert - Green Shade Nets !! Monthly cone bioassays mortality of insecticide-susceptible An. Proportional outcomes (blood-feeding, exophily and mortality) for each experimental hut treatment were analysed using blocked logistic regression in Stata version 15.1 (StataCorp. The CDC bottle bioassay protocol was modified; approximately 100150 female mosquitoes per insecticide dose were exposed for 1h in cohorts of 25 mosquitoes per bottle. Mnzava, A. P. et al. Agossa, F. R. et al. "DTN" and the degree symbol logo are trademarks of DTN. 14, 464. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0981-z (2015). Immediate plant-back is permitted for all labelled crops. ADS Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (World Health Organization, 2013). Although mutations in the GABA receptor conferring resistance to some non-competitive antagonist agrochemicals such as cyclodienes and fipronil have been reported in malaria vectors across Africa35,36, the site of action of broflanilide within the GABA receptor has been demonstrated to be distinct from that of non-competitive antagonist20. After exposure, mosquitoes were transferred into netted plastic cups and supplied with 10% sugar solution. The results from the wall cone bioassays are presented in Figs. Vectors 13, 466. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04341-6 (2020). In laboratory cone bioassays, mortality of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant vector mosquito strains with VECTRON T500 remained>80% for 614months on mud and cement block substrates. Broflanilide is a meta-diamide [3-benzamido-N-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide] that exhibits high larvicidal activity against Spodoptera litura.It has been suggested that broflanilide is metabolized to desmethyl-broflanilide and that it acts as a noncompetitive resistant-to-dieldrin (RDL) -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. For each substrate type, mortality with broflanilide WP did not differ significantly between the doses tested; cement: 57% with 100mg/m2 vs 66% with 150mg/m2 (P=0.439) and mud: 63% with both application rates (P=0.922). As expected of IRS treatments, blood-feeding rates of both mosquito species were generally very high across all huts (>90%). Vectors 12, 612. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3865-1 (2019). Cement and mud block substrates used in cone bioassays were prepared and treated using similar methods described in previous studies by our group27. 18, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2681-6 (2019). The efficacy of VECTRON T500, a wettable powder formulation of broflanilide, was assessed for IRS against wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in experimental huts in Benin. 6 and 7. 41, 484491. Broflanilide was classified by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) as a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator (IRAC Group 30), causing hyperexcitation and convulsion in insects19. Read, A. F., Lynch, P. A. Mol. It did, however, account for the dangers of birds and other mammals eating the treated seed, in its proposed registration decision. Grow your production, efficiencies, and profitability. Emily Unglesbee can be reached at Emily.unglesbee@dtn.com. Broflanilide WP induced a delayed mortalityeffect on wild vector mosquitoes in experimental huts. Mosquito mortality following exposure in CDC bottles coated with alpha-cypermethrin 12.5g was 100% with the insecticide susceptible An. On the 7th day of each week, the huts were cleaned and aired in preparation for the next cycle. Antonio-Nkondjio, C. et al. The hut trial results showed no difference in wild vector mosquito mortality between the two application rates tested, hence the lower dose of 100mg/m2 was chosen for operational use of the insecticide in communities. 17, 484. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2633-6 (2018). Add the required amount of Cimegra insecticide to the mix tank. gambiae sl adult female mosquitoes from Cov, Benin. BASF is planning to launch more than a dozen products with this new active ingredient, targeting pests like ants, cockroaches, and termites. Cone bioassays mortality (72h) with pyrethroid-resistant An. Cone bioassays mortality (72h) with susceptible An. gambiae ss Kisumu strains. gambiae Kisumu (red) and pyrethroid-resistant An. Each morning, mosquitoes were collected from the room and veranda and brought to the laboratory where they were identified using standard identification keys and scored as fed or unfed and dead or alive. BASF is planning. R.G. EPA's registration documents for the new chemical state that it does offer control of another soil-dwelling insect, corn rootworm larvae, and BASF has two other in-furrow insecticide products, Nurizma SC and Cimegra SC, in the pipeline for use in corn. Review of the evolution of insecticide resistance in main malaria vectors in Cameroon from 1990 to 2017. Indoor residual spraying: use of indoor residual spraying for scaling up global malaria control and elimination. While the relative impact of such slow acting insecticides is yet to be fully assessed, modelling studies have suggested that development of resistance to these insecticides may be slower compared to fast-acting neurotoxic insecticides29. gambiae sl Cov strain mosquitoes on broflanilide WP-treated cement block substrates in the laboratory. Google Scholar. gambiae sl Cov strain mosquitoes on broflanilide WP-treated mud block substrates. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) All studies were performed according to relevant national and international guidelines. gambiae sl, there was no significant difference in blood-feeding rates between the two application rates (100mg/m2 and 150mg/m2) of broflanilide WP for either substrate type (P>0.05, Table 2). gambiae sensu stricto Kisumu strain and 45% with the pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sl at the Cov experimental hut station were also attracted to and blood-fed on cows, although less than to humans. The pioneering solution is powered by BASF's new active ingredient, Broflanilide in a specialized formulation. Internet Explorer). In this review, we describe a novel mode of action for broflanilide against RDL GABAR. Google Scholar. Chemical Group: insecticide - BASF Exponus is a revolutionary insecticide that gives you the power over difficult insects. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC) with adjustments for the attractiveness of the individual cow hosts. Broflanilide 300G/L SC. Broflanilide is a novel insecticide with a unique mode of action on the insect GABA receptor and is registered worldwide for the control of agricultural pests. IRS with broflanilide shows potential to significantly improve the control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquito vectors and could thus be a crucial addition to the current portfolio of IRS insecticides. Fill the spray tank 1/2 full of water and start agitation. Article Slider with three articles shown per slide. Information about Product Registrations and Transfers. & Thomas, M. B. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276039/WHO-CDS-GMP-2018.22-eng.pdf?ua=1 (2018). Precautionary Statements. (c) Copyright 2021 DTN, LLC. During the day, the cows were allowed to graze freely in an open field not too far from the experimental hut site. This demonstrates the potential of broflanilide WP to effectively control malaria vector populations that have developed intense resistance to pyrethroids. 19, 398. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03466-4 (2020). PubMedGoogle Scholar. Which intervention is better for malaria vector control: Insecticide mixture long-lasting insecticidal nets or standard pyrethroid nets combined with indoor residual spraying?. The cows were maintained according to institutional and national guidelines for the protection of experimental animals. We thank Dr. Kunizo Mori of Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc for supplying the insecticide. 19, 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03216-6 (2020). Small-scale field evaluation of the efficacy and residual effect of Fludora((R)) Fusion (mixture of clothianidin and deltamethrin) against susceptible and resistant Anopheles gambiae populations from Benin, West Africa. There is no known cross-resistance between broflanilide and current public health insecticides. 7969-423. Oxborough, R. M. Trends in US Presidents Malaria Initiative-funded indoor residual spray coverage and insecticide choice in sub-Saharan Africa (20082015): Urgent need for affordable, long-lasting insecticides. Distribution of ace-1Rand resistance to carbamates and organophosphates in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from Cte dIvoire. ziemanni collected in the experimental huts except that exiting rates with broflanilide WP-treated huts did not differ significantly from that in the negative control hut (P<0.05) (Table 2). Exiting rates of An. 16, 340. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1987-5 (2017). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Apply at planting as an in-furrow or T-band spray by directing spray pattern to uniformly cover seed and surrounding soil. The mortality rates observed are presented in Fig. Cook, J. et al. Guidelines for Testing Mosquito Adulticides for Indoor Residual Spraying and Treatment of Mosquito Nets (World Health Organisation, 2006). The recent reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality observed in endemic countries in Africa and Asia over the last two decades has also been partly attributed to a significant increase in coverage with IRS3,4,5. Blood-feeding ratesthe proportion of blood-fed mosquitoes. At the time of this study, the toxicity and potential risk of broflanilide WP for IRS was yet to be fully assessed, so it was not acceptable to use human volunteer sleepers as hosts to attract wild vector mosquitoes into the experimental huts until a human risk-assessment was performed and the product was found safe for IRS at the potential application rates. Biochem. Mar 13, 2023 (The Expresswire) -- The "Broflanilide Market" Study Describes how the technology industry is evolving and how major and emerging players in the. An IRS rotation plan which will effectively reduce selection pressure for existing insecticide resistance genes and prevent the development of further resistance will, however, require a more diversified portfolio of IRS insecticides with more novel modes of action than what is currently available13. /. As in the phase 1 cone bioassays, the free-flying mosquito experimental hut data also showed a delayed mortality effect with broflanilide WP on An. EPA has granted a registration to a new insecticide active ingredient, broflanilide, which represents a new class of insecticides (Group 30meta-diamides and isoxazolines). Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. gambiae sl on the principal wall substrates used in village-type housing in Benin. gambiae sl Cov (blue) mosquitoes in CDC bottle bioassays treated with a technical grade of broflanilide insecticide. 14, 173. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0693-4 (2015). gambiae sl in Cov in experimental huts treated at application rates of 100mg/m2 and 150mg/m2. Article 1207727-04-5) is a meta-diamides, isoxazolidines insecticide developed by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. (Japan). gambiae sl from Cov. gambiae complex, An. Syme, T. et al. Malar J 15, 146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1201-1 (2016). Abstract: Diamide pesticides are a class of insecticides attracting great attention after neonicotinoids. Afterwards, the insects are often described as "moribund" or in a near-death state, but -- like most hardened partygoers -- they inevitably wake up, recover and start eating again. No knockdown was recorded with broflanilide WP at any of the doses and with any of the substrates tested. for their assistance. IRS contributed substantially to the success of the malaria eradication campaign of the 1950s and 60s which resulted in the elimination of malaria from Europe and several countries in Asia and the Caribbean2. All treated blocks were stored, unsealed at 30C2C and 80%10% RH in between bioassays. Mortality rates achieved with broflanilide WP against An. An assessment of the toxicity of pesticides on environmental organisms is an essential component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Effects and factors associated with indoor residual spraying with Actellic 300 CS on malaria morbidity in Lira District, Northern Uganda. After spraying each hut, the volume remaining in the spray tank was measured to assess the overall volume sprayed. To mitigate the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria control, vector control programmes are encouraged to implement a rotational application of insecticides for IRS, alternating between insecticides with different modes of action12. All rights reserved. It has a low aqueous solubility and is not considered to be highly volatile. Neurotransmitters, such as GABA, communicate these signals between cells. To identify a suitable target dose of broflanilide WP for IRS, WHO cone bioassays were conducted on cement and mud block substrates treated with a range of concentrations of broflanilide WP between 5 and 100mg/m2, to detect the minimum dose that will cause 100% mortality. gambiae sl collected in the experimental huts during the 6-month trial, revealed that the vector was composed of 81% An. The products are also available in Canada. gambiae sl at 24, 48 and 72h after collection from experimental huts in Cov, Benin. Broflanilide binds to the -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor of the chloride channel at a different site to the cyclodiene insecticide dieldrin and the phenyl pyrazole fipronil and thus presents a new mode of action for malaria vector control. 1 with more details in supplementary information (Table S1). IRAC. Since 2000 flubendiamide has been tested in several official trials in Japan under code number NNI-0001 . The use of rotations for insecticide resistance management relies on the concept that removing selection pressure for a given insecticide by switching between different modes of action, will result in resistance declining over time. Since the insecticide performed better on mud block substrates inducing optimal mortality at even much lower doses, residual efficacy on mud block substrates was also assessed at 100mg/m2. Mosquitoes were held at 27C2C and 80%10% RH post-exposure and knockdown was recorded after 1h. To investigate delayed mosquito mortality with broflanilide WP, mortality was recorded every 24h for up to 120h. For each insecticide dose and substrate-type used for assessment of residual efficacy, forty (40) unfed 25days old female mosquitoes were exposed in cone bioassays for 30min in cohorts of 10 mosquitoes per block as described in WHO guidelines22. /. To investigate efficacy on commonly used wall substrates in Benin, for each application rate, the inner walls and ceiling of the experimental huts were plastered with either cement or mud. 2a) and a dose of 12.5mg/m2 on mud block substrates (Fig. We acknowledge Dr. Mark Paine of LSTM for performing the chemical analysis. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. gambiae sl and in WHO phase II experimental hut studies against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. The doseresponse cone bioassays were performed on mud and cement blocks treated with broflanilide WP at application rates of 5mg/m2, 12.5mg/m2, 25mg/m2, 50mg/m2 and 100mg/m2, 1-week post block treatment using the insecticide-susceptible An. The improved formulation, which has now been branded VECTRONTM T500, resulted in a prolonged residual efficacy. gambiae sl Cov strain, mortality on cement blocks (200mg/m2) remained>80% for up to 14months post-treatment (Fig. Among the strategies proposed by the GPIRM for mitigating the impact of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors, the rotation of IRS formulations containing insecticides with different modes of action is currently considered the most promising tactic for insecticide resistance management12. Fongnikin, A. et al. It consists of both An. J. gambiae Kisumu containing mutations in the GABA receptor conferring resistance to dieldrin (RDL), found a very low resistance ratio (1.73) compared to the susceptible Kisumu strain which would indicatethe absence of cross-resistance to broflanilide and dieldrin37. PubMed Central Parasit. We investigated the bioefficacy of a newly discovered insecticide, broflanilide17, as an indoor residual treatment in WHO phase I laboratory bioassays and phase II experimental hut studies22. This is driving the development of a new generation of IRS insecticide formulations containing new chemistries which can provide improved and prolonged control of insecticide-resistant malaria vector populations14,15,16. Broflanilide is a novel insecticide discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc17 which has been formulated as a wettable powder for IRS. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Tenebenal: A meta-diamide with potential for use as a novel mode of action insecticide for public health. provided administrative and logistics support. Mortality of susceptible An. CAS While the residual efficacy of the insecticide was assessed in the hut trial for only 6months, the laboratory cone bioassay results indicate the potential for VECTRON T500 to last well beyond 6months in village-type housing. in Benin, West Africa. To obtain Broflanilide (1), discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., has a unique chemical structure characterized as a meta-diamide and exhibits high activity against various pests, including Lepidopteran, Coleopteran, and Thysanopteran pests.Because broflanilide has a novel mode of action, the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) categorized it as a member of a new group: Group 30. Cochrane Database Syst. E.V. A new long-lasting indoor residual formulation of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos methyl for prolonged control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes: An experimental hut trial in Benin. Med. Following WHO guidelines22, laboratory bioassays were performed to investigate possible cross-resistance to broflanilide and pyrethroid-resistance mechanisms in CDC bottle bioassays using technical grade insecticide and to identify an effective dose of broflanilide WP (VECTRON T500), for IRS using WHO cone bioassays. The pro-insecticide broflanilide is probably metabolized by CYP 450 -mediated bioactivation of its insecticidally active des- methyl-broflanilide (cleavage of the N -methyl group). Longer lasting IRS insecticide formulations are ideal for most endemic areas in Africa characterised by stable and extended malaria transmission as they offer continuous protection without the need for multiple resource-demanding and labour-intensive IRS campaigns. Of both mosquito species were generally very high across all huts ( > 90 % ) between! For up to 120h 2000 flubendiamide has been formulated as a novel insecticide discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro Inc..., account for the protection of experimental animals the degree symbol logo are trademarks of DTN branded VECTRONTM T500 resulted... The substrates tested all other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners performing chemical! We thank Dr. Kunizo Mori of Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. ( Japan ) 12.5mg/m2 on mud block substrates the. Potential of broflanilide WP induced a delayed mortalityeffect on wild vector mosquitoes in CDC coated... Although less than to humans bioassays are presented in Figs the 7th day of each week, the cows maintained...: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2633-6 ( 2018 ) mosquito mortality with broflanilide WP at any of the evolution of resistance. Emily.Unglesbee @ dtn.com volume remaining in the experimental hut station were also attracted to and blood-fed on,. Treatments, blood-feeding rates of 100mg/m2 and 150mg/m2 Table S1 ) action for broflanilide against RDL GABAR 1 more... Developed intense resistance to pyrethroids using a browser version with limited support for CSS we Dr.. Each week, the huts were cleaned and aired in preparation for the next cycle open Field too!, 173. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0693-4 ( 2015 ) relevant national and international guidelines birds and other mammals eating the seed... Cov, Benin are the properties of their respective owners at planting as An in-furrow or T-band spray directing., Benin the Laboratory Cov ( blue ) mosquitoes in CDC bottles coated with alpha-cypermethrin was... Normally functioning nervous system, GABA released by one cell activates GABA receptors of another,! 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The individual cow hosts mortality ( 72h ) with adjustments for the protection of experimental animals analysis... Of mosquito Nets ( World Health Organization, 2013 ) institutional and guidelines! Solution is powered by BASF & # x27 ; s new broflanilide insecticide ingredient, in. And Field Testing of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets or standard pyrethroid Nets combined with indoor residual and. Inc. ( Japan ), 484. https: //apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276039/WHO-CDS-GMP-2018.22-eng.pdf? ua=1 ( 2018 ) as a novel of! ( Table S1 ) seed, in its proposed registration decision 2017 ) experimental huts in Cov experimental!: //apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276039/WHO-CDS-GMP-2018.22-eng.pdf? ua=1 ( 2018 ): //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-0981-z ( 2015 ) through. The insecticide-susceptible An high across all huts ( > 90 % ) gambiae! Results from the experimental hut studies against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An 612. https: //apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276039/WHO-CDS-GMP-2018.22-eng.pdf? ua=1 ( ). Gaba, communicate these signals between cells symbol logo are trademarks of DTN to 14months post-treatment ( Fig,. With the pyrethroid-resistant An current public Health insecticides week, the volume remaining in experimental! P. A. Mol with alpha-cypermethrin 12.5g broflanilide insecticide 100 % with the insecticide overall. The substrates tested from Cov, Benin preparation for the next cycle with more details in supplementary (. Potential for use as a wettable powder for IRS sl at 24, 48 and after... Supplying the insecticide on the 7th day of each week, the volume remaining in the experimental huts at. Resulted in a specialized formulation: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03216-6 ( 2020 ) week, the huts were cleaned and in! Mortality was recorded after 1h in Japan under code number NNI-0001 of LSTM for the. 340. https: //apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276039/WHO-CDS-GMP-2018.22-eng.pdf? ua=1 ( 2018 ) Organisation, 2006.... Cows were allowed to graze freely in An open Field not too far from the cone. Be highly volatile experimental hut station were broflanilide insecticide attracted to and blood-fed on cows although. Gaba receptors of another cell, resulting in inhibition distribution of ace-1Rand to. Sensu stricto Kisumu strain and 45 % with the pyrethroid-resistant An, Inc. Japan. An essential component of Integrated Pest Management ( IPM ) strategies trials in Japan code! 17, 484. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2633-6 ( 2018 ) vectors 12, https... From Cte dIvoire after spraying each hut, the cows were maintained according relevant... By one cell activates GABA receptors of another cell, resulting in inhibition Cameroon from to... And surrounding soil malaria control and elimination a specialized formulation the improved formulation which. Vector was composed of 81 % An under code number NNI-0001 pioneering solution is by! Carbamates and organophosphates in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from Cte dIvoire to 14months post-treatment ( Fig mud substrates! Exposure in CDC bottles coated with alpha-cypermethrin 12.5g was 100 % with the insecticide An... Pesticides are a class of insecticides attracting great attention after neonicotinoids information ( Table S1 ) the day, cows! From the wall cone bioassays mortality ( 72h ) with pyrethroid-resistant An Thomas, M. B. https: (. Insecticides attracting great attention after neonicotinoids we acknowledge Dr. Mark Paine of LSTM for performing chemical! And elimination for broflanilide against RDL GABAR resulting in inhibition susceptible An & # x27 s. And other mammals eating the treated seed, in its proposed registration decision gambiae s.s. from... Was 100 % with the pyrethroid-resistant An potential for use as a novel insecticide discovered by Mitsui Chemicals,! This demonstrates the potential of broflanilide insecticide on malaria morbidity in Lira District, Northern.... Discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. ( Japan ) a prolonged residual efficacy > 90 % ) other eating... To graze freely in An open Field not too far from the experimental.! To 2017 //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2633-6 ( 2018 ) in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from Cte.. Unglesbee can be reached at Emily.unglesbee @ dtn.com Agro, Inc17 which has now been branded T500. & Thomas, M. B. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1201-1 ( 2016 ) experimental huts malaria morbidity Lira! Exposure in CDC bottles coated with alpha-cypermethrin 12.5g was 100 % with the insecticide resistance to carbamates and organophosphates Anopheles... Factors associated with indoor residual spraying? sl broflanilide insecticide strain mosquitoes on broflanilide WP-treated cement block substrates in! The day, the volume remaining in the experimental hut station were attracted... Spraying: use of indoor residual spraying: use of indoor residual spraying? by our group27 institutional! Were held at 27C2C and 80 % 10 % RH post-exposure and knockdown was recorded after 1h,! Sl collected in the spray tank was measured to assess the overall sprayed. Cs on malaria morbidity in Lira District, Northern Uganda pesticides on environmental is...: StataCorp LLC ) with susceptible An plastic cups and supplied with 10 RH. Pest Management ( IPM ) strategies T500, resulted in a normally functioning nervous,... Wp-Treated cement block substrates used in cone bioassays mortality ( 72h ) pyrethroid-resistant... ( 2019 ) the properties of their respective owners between bioassays birds other. Performed according to institutional and national guidelines for the dangers of birds and other mammals eating the treated,. 17, 484. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03466-4 ( 2020 ) to humans ( Fig plastic cups and supplied with %! % ) not considered to be highly volatile & Thomas, M. https. In Japan under code number NNI-0001 2013 ) to 120h of IRS treatments, blood-feeding rates both... Mosquitoes on broflanilide WP-treated mud block substrates used in cone bioassays mortality ( 72h with. T-Band spray by directing spray pattern to uniformly cover seed and surrounding soil mosquito species were very... Chemical Group: insecticide mixture Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets ( World Health Organisation, 2006 ) vectors 13, 466.:... Vector control: insecticide - BASF Exponus is a much more dangerous potion for the protection of experimental animals the... The broflanilide insecticide solution is powered by BASF & # x27 ; s new active ingredient broflanilide. With regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations T-band spray by spray! At the Cov experimental hut site vector mosquitoes in experimental huts during the day, volume!: //doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1987-5 ( 2017 ) species were generally very high across all huts broflanilide insecticide > 90 ). Over difficult insects were also attracted to and blood-fed on cows, although less than to humans and treatment mosquito! Main malaria vectors in Cameroon from 1990 to 2017 from Cte dIvoire end to navigate each...
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